株式会社ピーシーエス【ＰＣＳ】札幌市東区｜亜臨界水処理装置、自動溶解装置、膜処理設備、加圧浮上処理装置、曝気・嫌気メーター、ファーム・ビーコン・マネージャー

Construction case 1 (cloudy pond)

• 
  

  Since the pond was polluted by
  livestock waste and city waste-
  water, aquatic weeds have
  overwhelmed the pond, and the
  pond became cloudy.

• 
  

  We proposed our unique
  purification engineering method to
  artificially promote the pond's
  natural purification capabilities. We
  removed some of the water weeds.

• 
  

  Processed a specified area of the muddy bottom
  using a temporary dehydrator.

Construction case 2 (abnormal quantities of algae in the pond).

As a result of investigating the rot pond by abnormal proliferation of algae, it was confirmed that the deviation of nutritional classification is the cause.

We proposed an engineering method to increasing the bacteria by circulating the pond water in order to reduce the unusual concentration of nitrogen.
Due to the improvement in water quality, the pond recovered its normal balance, and the abnormal amounts of algae were suppressed. (After half a month after construction start)
Now, the quality is maintained, and the pond has become a site for recreation and relaxation for the public.

Construction case 3 (restore the function of a water collection well that prevents landslides).

Status of the water collection well for preventing landslides due to the contamination of pelite soil in the ground water.
Such as clogging by iron molecules, to implement Countermeasure to prevent the influence on the downstream by water pollution.

For decontamination

The majority of decontamination that have been made from the time of the accident, the topsoil removal work of manual workers is the main.
However, decontamination work of high concentration region ( hot spot ) in is this way is difficult, and will be a problem for the custody location of a large amount contaminated soil.
In addition, the half-life is the difference is by the nuclide (it is period takes to become a half quantity. But is not disappear.), For example , cesium 137 is 30 year.
Thus, contamination with radioactive materials, just not resolved by simply standing phenomenon continue giving long term deleterious effects on the surroundings. Therefore must be actively carried out decontamination.

About PCS decontamination technology

The Company, established a decontamination technology that applies the wastewater treatment technology. ( Verification test completed)

1. 1. Cleaning of pollutants by pressurized water
   
2. 2. The floating pressure-treatment device was used, and cleaning of used wash water, separation of pollutants
   
3. 3. Using dewatering equipment, is the separated pollutants volume reduction
   

The above three points as a basic , do the decontamination on the fine adjustment according to the subject and location.

Verification test

Equipment used in the verification test ( Minami Soma )

Test results

Sample name	Floatation on the treated water	Floatation on the isolates
Cs134（Bq/ｌ）	1.2～2.0	24000～42000
Cs137（Bq/ｌ）	2.2～3.6	39000～70000
Cs total（Bq/l)	3.4～5.4	63000～110000

Equipment used in the verification test ( Koriyama )

Features of the PCS decontamination technology

• ・Be to volume reduction to minimize contaminants, makes it easy to secure the storage location.
  
• ・With that pressurized water is also used to process , can be performed reuse and drainage
  
• ・Because there is no design limit for processing equipment , the scale of the target is not a problem

Application of PCS decontamination technology

By circulating processing the pressurized water, enables efficient and less wasteful decontamination.

By utilizing this property, it can not be handled by conventional decontamination method, enabling decontamination of the forest.
(Patent application has been)

Memo of CNT etc. , the movement of electrons

1. Conductivity

The movement of electrons in CNT and graphene is already well-known. One

of the four electrons in carbon is not used for binding and can move throughout the molecule (a so-called π electron). Also, electrons are used for hybrid binding in what chemists call resonance. Materials with free moving electrons are classified as metals. Molecules whose electrons are engaged in hybrid binding are classified as insulators and semiconductors, because the electrons cannot move freely.
In “metallic” forms of CNT, each carbon atom is linked to others making a lattice. Electrons move freely throughout this net. This free moving status is just like the free electrons in metals that provide conductivity.
There is a carbon atom at each corner of the hexagons. In this carbon lattice, electrons can move freely. The configuration above allows a material to be conductive. Engineers also believe that these materials can be used for making various electronic elements, since their electrons respond to electromagnetic waves and light. CNT has become a focus of interest because the electrons inside them can move about in an extraordinarily free fashion.

2.Electronic devices such as semiconductors

After looking closely at CNTs and graphene, which are different from ordinary materials, after quantized it was found that the electron orbits in these materials do not have an energy gap that needs to be crossed. Rather, electrons accumulate easily in the gapless areas (around the carbon lattice), and high-energy parts like observation platforms (electrons need enough energy to reach the six intersections (carbon frames). Thus, when an electron receives receive energy from others near by, it can move smoothly inside the tube. Therefore, the CNT and graphene hybrid material allows electrons to move much more freely than other materials.
A material without a band gap can have artificial gaps created in it by injecting metal (doping) or by creating structural faults. This allows it to be modified so as to have the desired electrical qualities of a specific device. This is because CNT semiconductors can achieve high electron mobility. This is a method for creating a different product by injecting additives into a material. One example of this is to improve semiconductor characteristics by adding a small number of metal atoms to silicon, for manufacturing electronic parts. Using this material, heat generating elements and IR absorbers can be produced easily by skilled engineers.

3.Effect on heat and light

No heat occurs even though holes and electrons flow. Resistance to the movement of current generates heat while performing a task. CNT and carbon-based materials generate heat as electromagnetic waves pass through them. This is because the dipole structure of an atomic nucleus delays the vibration a little as it passes through an electron. This means that the electromagnetic wave is influenced by the electron bars. This delay of the electromagnetic waves is finally emitted as heat (longer wavelength electromagnetic waves). Furthermore, CNT material apparently has different reactions to heat and light from the outside. (Light causes larger changes than heat because light interacts easily with electrons.)

4.Are CNTs difficult to deal with?

To create new material, to enhance the purity of material, or to select a material’s properties, nowadays manufacturers vaporize carbon rods using an electric arc discharge, disperse the CNTs created, or protect them with surfactants.
In order to enhance the properties of India ink, people in ancient China burned wood containing resin, such as pine, inside a lean-to shed (with a tilted wall). Then they collected the soot on the wall. At that time, the soot collected near the flame was used for low priced black ink, and the fine soot which landed on the wall at a distance from the flame was used to make high priced black ink. They used glue to capture the soot for this process. (Without using a surfactant, the glue will harden and no more soot can be collected.) So, the fineness of the soot and the cohesive action of the binder, as well as the capacity of the surfactant used in the ink determine the final quality of India ink. Similar to modern doping (intentional contamination with metal) to change a material’s properties, people in the distant past added gold or blood (hemoglobin iron or the metals in enzymes) to the binder used to make black ink, in order to improve its luster (interaction with electromagnetic waves).
Although you can learn how electrons move in CNTs and in graphene from the literature, it is important for you to understand their interesting properties to begin constructing ideas about how to apply them with logic and practice. It is vitally necessary for you to imagine the properties required for heat emitting materials, heat absorbing materials, and electronic devices.
CNT and graphene may exist in the universe, and possibly even on earth, from ancient times. Large quantities might have been generated by meteor impacts and forest fires, perhaps during the age that dinosaurs were going extinct. We rediscovered these old substances in the modern world. To develop application technologies for these old substances is really quite interesting. Every day I think about the electronic properties they have, which can be used for decontamination and in biological fields. I think it is important to know how to use them. If there is time, I would like to talk about my vision of these applications.

Reflection of ultrasonic waves